Elevated temperature and pressure: a game changer for CO2 electrolysis efficiency by balancing kinetics and mass transfer
January 2026 – December 2030
To reach the target of the European Union to become climate-neutral by 2050, the defossilization of
the industry and the transport sector is essential. Certain sectors, like aviation and chemical
production, are hard to abate if no alternatives arise. In this respect, CO2 electrolysis is an
interesting and quickly evolving alternative. While CO2 electrolysis is slowly shifting towards
increasing TRL and associated pitfalls are being identified, two aspects thus far insufficiently
understood are (1) the impact of heat generated in industrial CO2 electrolyzers and (2) the impact of
elevated pressure. Both have an obvious impact on stability and also significantly alter the
catalytic reaction mechanism. This proposal aims to enable efficient and stable CO2 electrolyzer
performance at temperatures above 60°C and pressures up to 30 bar under industrially relevant
current densities. This requires an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of HER suppression on Au
and/or Ag under batch conditions, implementing it on Cu and translating this to a flow cell by innovative
carbon-based electrodes, and their integration into a transport-optimized electrolyzer. To achieve this,
we need to gain an in-depth understanding of the impact of temperature and pressure through a
combination of electrochemistry and (in-situ) physico-chemical characterization. If successful, this
project will make CO2 electrolysis more energy-efficient by allowing direct coupling with up- and
downstream processes.